Title: The White Shores of Ytene-land
The document explores the historical and cultural connections between J.R.R. Tolkien’s literary works and the migration of the Jutes (Jyder) from Jutland (Jylland) to Kent in southern England. Tolkien was deeply fascinated by the Jutes’ migration and their establishment of new kingdoms in Kent, which influenced his writings, particularly in “The Lord of the Rings” and “The Silmarillion.”
Key Points:
- Tolkien’s Inspiration: Tolkien’s interest in the Jutes’ migration and their settlement in Kent is evident in his works. He was particularly inspired by the Jutes’ leader, Hengest, who rose from a mercenary to a king, mirroring Tolkien’s own life journey.
- Jutes in Kent: The Jutes, led by Hengest, established a kingdom in Kent, which was divided into autonomous regions under a common leadership. They introduced their laws, such as Gavelkind, and strategically important lands were given to Jutish elites.
- Cultural Influence: The Jutes left a significant cultural mark on Kent, including place names, burial practices, and legal systems. Many place names in Kent have Jutish origins, reflecting their settlement patterns and cultural practices.
- Expansion Beyond Kent: The Jutes expanded beyond Kent, establishing other regions such as Meonwara, Ytene, and Withwara (Isle of Wight). These regions maintained strong cultural ties to Kent and were often under its overlordship.
- Horse Culture: The Jutes were known for their horse culture, which is reflected in place names related to horse breeding and stables. This contrasts with the later Anglo-Saxon culture, which was more infantry-based.
- Christianization: The Jutes played a crucial role in the Christianization of England. King Æthelbert of Kent, a Jutish king, was instrumental in spreading Christianity across the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms.
- Viking Influence: The Jutes’ influence persisted even during the Viking Age. The Danish Vikings, who attacked England in the 9th century, were essentially attacking their distant relatives, as many Jutes had settled in England centuries earlier.
- Legacy: The Jutes’ legacy in Kent continued even after the Norman Conquest in 1066. Kent maintained a degree of independence and retained its unique legal system, Gavelkind, until 1925.
Conclusion:
The document highlights the deep historical and cultural connections between Jutland and Kent, emphasizing how the Jutes’ migration and settlement influenced both English history and Tolkien’s literary works. Kent’s unique Jutish heritage is a testament to the enduring impact of this early migration.